The stiffness of PEEK may not be sufficient to withstand load-bearing stresses and there is a higher risk of fracture. However, fewer reviews have comprehensively summarized the research advances in PEEK for a variety of dental applications. Its modulus of elasticity (3–4 GPa) is similar to human bone tissue (14 GPa), which provides a damping effect for PEEK restorations and reduces stress shielding. PEEK exhibits excellent mechanical properties and a greater lightness compared to conventional materials. Thus, it allows patients to undergo routine examinations such as CT scans and MRIs without image artifacts. Additionally, compared to zirconia and metal alloys, PEEK does not cause metal allergies and has X-ray radiolucency. As a high-performance plastic polymer with semicrystalline properties, PEEK has become a hot topic for new material research due to its good biocompatibility, high-temperature resistance (melting point of 343 ☌), excellent fatigue properties, high toughness, relatively low wear rate (0.9 ± 1.1 mm 3/MC), corrosion and aging resistance, ease of processing, and color stability. According to different structures, PAEK mainly includes polyetherketone (PEK), polyetheretherketoneketone (PEEKK), polyetherketoneetherketoneketone (PEKEKK), polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Polyaryletherketone (PAEK) is a crystalline polymer formed by linking phenylene rings through oxygen bridges and carbonyl groups (ketones). All these disadvantages are a motivation for improving materials and developing new materials. Moreover, metal ions may cause gum discoloration and allergic reactions in some patients. The high elastic modulus of metal implants often leads to the “stress shielding” effect, which can result in osteoporosis or even implant failure in long-term applications. However, ceramic materials mostly contain feldspar, resulting in a lower strength and higher brittleness. Metallic biomaterials such as cobalt-chromium (CoCr) alloys, titanium (Ti), and some titanium alloys are often used as permanent or temporary implants due to their high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. Ceramic materials are widely used because of their good aesthetic properties, robustness, and comfort. Materials traditionally used for dental and maxillofacial restorations mainly include ceramics and metallic biomaterials. Trauma, fractures, periodontal disease, and caries have led to an increasing clinical demand for high-performance restorative materials in modern dentistry. More importantly, it provides a rationale and a general new basis for the application of PEEK in the dental field. Thus, this review aims to build a conceptual and practical toolkit for the study of the mechanical and adhesive properties of PEEK materials. In addition, the research on the adhesive properties of PEEK over the past few years is highlighted. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the research progress on the mechanical properties of PEEK for dental applications in the context of specific applications, composites, and their preparation processes. The bond strength can be improved by roughening or introducing functional groups on the PEEK surface by sandblasting, acid etching, plasma treatment, laser treatment, and adhesive systems. However, the bioinert nature of PEEK can make adhesive bonding difficult. Compared to conventional pressed and CAD/CAM milling fabrication, 3D-printed PEEK exhibits excellent flexural and tensile strength and parameters such as printing temperature and speed can affect its mechanical properties. It can be blended with materials such as fibers and ceramics to improve its mechanical strength for better clinical dental applications. As a promising medical material, PEEK can be used as implant abutments, removable and fixed prostheses, and maxillofacial prostheses. Compared to traditional metal and ceramic dental materials, PEEK dental implants exhibit less stress shielding, thus better matching the mechanical properties of bone. Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a thermoplastic material widely used in engineering applications due to its good biomechanical properties and high temperature stability.
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